====== Rao ======

Timothy Usher, Santa Fe Institute

===== Situation =====
**[under contruction]**\\
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… (Stanhope 1980: 1-4.)

===== Sources =====
**[under contruction]**\\
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Capell (1951-1952) …

Z'graggen (1969, 1971) …

Z'graggen (1972) …

Kasprus (1973) …

Davies and Comrie (1985: 283-411) 46 comparative terms for Rao of Gokto village elicited by Lyle Scholtz

Stanhope (1980) …

===== Phonology =====
Stanhope (1980: 4-8) gives 25 consonants and 7 vowels for Rao as follows:

|< - 60px 60px 60px 60px >|
|  m   |  n   |      |  ŋ   |
|  p   |  t   |  tʃ  |  k   |
|  b   |  d   |  dʒ  |  g   |
|  mb  |  nd  |      |  ŋg  |
|  ʔb  |  ʔd  |      |  ʔ   |
|  f   |  s   |      |      |
|  v   |  z   |      |      |
|  β   |  r   |  j   |  ɣ   |


|< - 60px 60px 60px >|
|  ɪ  |  ɯ  |  ʊ  |
|  ɛ  |  ə  |  ɔ  |
|     |  a  |     |

**[under contruction]**\\
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Velar non-stop /ɣ/ is rare and is probably to be considered an allophone of /g/, which likewise reflects Ramu River /*ɣ/.\\
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…

===== Pronouns =====
Stanhope (1980: 9) gives Rao pronouns in three case forms as follows

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
|     |nominative|accusative|possessive|
|1 sg.|gʊ        |ga        |ŋa        |
|2 sg.|nə        |nda       |na        |
|3 sg.|mə        |ma, mba   |ma        |
|1 pl.|nʲɪ       |nʲa       |nʲa-nə    |
|2 pl.|nʲɔ       |nʲɔ       |nʲɔ-nə    |
|3 pl.|mɛ        |mɛ-nə     |mɛ-nə     |
|1 dl.|nʲɪ-makə  |---       |---       |
|2 dl.|nə-makə   |---       |---       |
|3 dl.|makə      |---       |---       |

In addition to the first person dual above, Stanhope gives an alternate form /ŋgʷakə/; however this is probably a loan from Banaro.

===== Verbal morphology =====
**[under contruction]**\\
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…

===== Counting system =====
**[under contruction]**\\
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…\\
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