====== Baibai-Momu ====== Timothy Usher, Santa Fe Institute ===== Situation ===== **[under construction]**\\ \\ The Baibai-Momun family consists of two languages, Baibai and Momu, also known as Fas, spoken … Papua New Guinea's Sandaun privince. ===== Subclassification ===== The internal classiciation of Baibai-Momo is as follows.\\ \\ Baibai-Momu Baibai Momu\\ \\ Baron (1983) gives lexicostatistical figure … ===== Sources ===== **[under construction]**\\ \\ Laycock … Baron (1979) phonology of Fas (unobtained) Baron (1983: 4-8) 100 comaprative terms for Fas and Baibai Baron (1979) tense and aspect in Fas Baron (2007) phonology of Fas Honeyman (2017) grammar of Momu including (pp. 619-629) comparisons to Baibai\\ \\ In addition to these, …. ===== Historical phonology ===== **[under construction]**\\ \\ Proto-Baibai-Momu had ¬ consonants and at lest 7 vowels as follows:\\ \\ …\\ \\ …\\ \\ \\ …: |< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >| | |Baibai-Momu|Baibai |Baibai |Fas |Fas |Momu | | | |Baron |Loving |Baron |Loving |Honeyman | | |***…** |**** |**** |**** |**** |**** | |1 sg. |*… |ɛtjɛ |ætiʌ |tɛ |te(-jə) | | |older brother|*apɛ |apɛ |ape |apɛ |apə | | |name |*ambu |ambu | |abow ~ aʙow |aβaʔ |[aʙu] | |big |*a… |anɔw ~ anɛw | |anɔw ~ anɛw | |[anɔw] | |father (add.)|*a… |aj | |ajɔw | | | |snake sp. |*m… |mənja | |məni | |[məni] | |corpse |*m… |mətərɛ | |məkətɛ | |[məkətɛ] | |smoke |*mVsV | |-smoʔ | |-məsoa | | |tooth |*m… | | | | | | |star |*mɛmbVkɛ |mɛmbəkɛ | |mɛʙəkɛ | |[mɛʙəkɛ] | |mother (add.)|*mɛ |me | |mejɔw | | | |flying fox |*mɛnɛ | |meneʔ | |mɛne | | |net bag |*man |man | |man | |[mɐ̃n] | |shoulder |*mandVɸV | |maruɸwʌ | |makəfo | | |woman |*mɔŋgɔ |moŋgo | |mo | |[mõˑ] | |louse |*m… |muni | |monbu | | | |walk/go |*p… |pənəmɛ | |pən |pɪno |[pɪn] | |knife |*p… |pena |pina |pena | |[pɪna ~ pena] | |water/river |*ɸi |fi |ɸi ~pi |fi |ɸi |[fi] | |salt |*ɸVn[ɛ] |fənɛ | |fən | |[fɪn] | |breast/milk |*ɸVki |fəki |ɸɪki |fejʔ |ɸi |[fɪj] | |house |*ɸVndV |fərə ~ fərɛ | |fək | |[fɪkj̥] | |tongue |*ɸ… |fənɛkjɔ |ɸʌnagiju |fonɛ |ɸonɛ |[fʊnɛ] | |who?/what? |*mb… |biɛ ~ bje- |biɛ ~ bijʌ |bɛ- |βia- |[ʙjɛ ~ ʙɪ-] | |something |*mb… |bjɛmbjɛrgwa | |ʙɛʙɛkow | | | |quality sfx. |*-mb… |-mbwe | |-ʙo | | | |shoot |*n… |nituɛ | |nej | |[nɪj] | |animal |*n… | | | | |[nəpo] | |two |*n… | | | | |[nəʙəm] | |penis gourd |*n… |nəmbɛ | |nəʙɛ | |[nɪʙɛ] | |betel pepper |*n… |nəgwa | |nuu | | | |get/take |*n… |nanəmɛ | |nae | | | |axe |*tɔmakɔ |tɔmakwɔ | |tɔmako | | | |liver |*tVtV | |tutuwʌ | |tɪta | | |eat/drink |*nd… |ri-nəmɛ | |kej | | | |tree |*nd… |re |dijʌ | | | | |hand |*ndɛŋgi |rɛgi | |kɛj | |[kɛj] | |know |*ndam… | |ramowʌ | |-kamɛɸɛə | | |tobacco |*ndandVɸi |rarəfi |-raripi ~ -rariɸi|kafəki |-kʷakəɸi |[kakəfi] | |smoke |*nd… | | | | |[kamɛsɔ] | |fire |*ndɔa |la |ndaʔ |koɔ |koa ~ koə |[kʷɔ] | |bow |*ndVmas |rəmas | |kəmas | |gʊmasj̥ | |many |*ndɔambɔ | |rambɔ ~ raumbwʌ | |koβo ~ kwoβoa|[kʷɔʙɔ] | |fat/grease |*sVmbu |səmbu | |səʙu | |[sɪʙu] | |black |*sVŋgarɔ |suŋgaro | |soko | | | |paradise sp. |*sujakɛ |sujake | |sujake | |[swakɛ] | |eye |*kVri |korə |kurʌ |kɔj |koi |kɔj [kɔj] | |path |*k… |usja |wusiʌ |kɔsj |kos |kɔsj | |sago jelly |*ŋg… |gisi | |ɛsi̥ | |ɛsj [ʔəsj̥] | |axe |*ŋgambɛ |gambɛ |gambe |abɛ |aɸɛ |[aʙɛ] | |areca nut |*ŋgVmVsV |gɔməsa | |ɛmse | |[ʔəmse ~ʔɛmse] | |earth/ground |*ŋgVndV |gɔrɛ ~ gwaro |igwadʌ |akwɔ |akua |[ʔɔkɔ] | |mosquito |*ŋg…si |gusi | |osi̥ | |[ʔʊsj̥] | |copulation |*ŋg… |kusu | |oso | | | |2 pl. |*hat… |atjɛ | |hari̥ |aria |[arj̥] | |egg |*handɔ |haro | |hakɔ | |[akɔ] | |2 sg. |*[h]aŋgi |aŋgi |aŋgiʌ |haj |ai(-jə) |aj [ʔɐj] | |skin |*hVraɔ |(w)ɔrɔw |wʌrʌɔ ~ - wʌrauwʌ|hao |awu ~ au | | |moon |*wVsi |wɔsi |wʌsi |uəs |uɛs |[wəs ~ wɛs] | |3 sg. |*wɔ |wɔ | |wɔ(β) | | | |stone |*wɔneŋgrɛ |wonɛŋgrɛ | |wonɛ | |[wunɛ] | |man |*j… |jimɛni ~ jimeh| |jimɛ(ni̥) ~ imɛ | |[jimɛ̃ ~ jɪmɛ̃]| |good |*jɛ… |jɛsau | |ɛmso | | | |1 pl. |*jɛ… |ɛtəmbɛ | |jɛrj ~ jɛrə-bhow| |[jɛrəʙu] | |speak |*jɛŋg… |ɛŋgjanəmɛ | |jɛjɛn | | | … initial consonants…\\ \\ Initial bilababial nasal /*m/ is retained as such in both languages:\\ \\ …\\ \\ Initial apical nasal /*n/ is retained as such in both languages:\\ \\ …\\ \\ Initial bilabial voiceless stop /*p/ …\\ \\ …\\ \\ Initial apical voiceless stop /*t/ …\\ \\ …\\ \\ Initial velar voiceless stop /*k/… :\\ \\ …\\ \\ Initiall bilabial prenasalized voiced stop /*mb/ … (q.v. Honeyman 2017: 621-622):\\ \\ …\\ \\ Initial apical prenasalized voiced stop /*nd/ … a change shared with Pagi of the Poal River family immediately to the west (q.v. Honeyman 2017: 623, Gerstner-Link 2018: …):\\ \\ …\\ \\ Initial velar prenasalized voiced stop /*ŋg/ is lost in Momu (q.v. Honeyman 2017: 622):\\ \\ …\\ \\ Initial bilabial voiceless fricative /*ɸ/ is retained as such in both languages:\\ \\ …\\ \\ Initial laminal voiceless fricative /*s/ is retained as such in both languages:\\ \\ …\\ \\ …\\ \\ …\\ \\ …\\ \\ …\\ \\ …\\ \\ \\ … medial consonants …\\ \\ Medial bilabial nasal /*m/ …:\\ \\ …\\ \\ Medial apical nasal /*n/ …:\\ \\ …\\ \\ Medial bilabial voiceless stop /*p/ …:\\ \\ …\\ \\ Medial apical voiceless stop /*t/ …:\\ \\ …\\ \\ Medial velar voiceless stop /*k/ … (q.v. Honeyman 2017: 622)::\\ \\ …\\ \\ …Medial bilabial prenasalized voiced stop /*mb/ … (q.v. Honeyman 2017: 621-622):\\ \\ …\\ \\ Medial apical prenasalized voiced stop /*nd/ is lost in Momu (q.v. Honeyman 2017: 623):\\ \\ …\\ \\ Medial velar prenasalized voiced stop /*ŋg/ … (q.v. Honeyman 2017: 622)::\\ \\ …\\ \\ …\\ \\ …\\ \\ …\\ \\ …\\ \\ …\\ \\ …\\ \\ Medial apical non-stop /*r/ is lost in Momu:\\ \\ …\\ \\ …\\ \\ …\\ ===== Pronouns ===== **[under construction]**\\ \\ …\\ ===== Verbal morphology ===== **[under construction]**\\ \\ …\\ \\ \\