====== Mouwase ======

Timothy Usher, Santa Fe Institute

===== Situation =====
**[under construction]**\\
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…

===== Sources =====
Johnston (1919-1920) 130 comparative terms for Karima of Kibeni village

Franklin ed. (1973: 573-575) 100 comparative terms for Omati

Carr (2006) 190 comparative terms for Mowase of Gibidai village

Petterson (2014) dictionary of Mouwase (1,198 terms)

===== Phonology =====
**[under construction]**\\
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Mouwase has 11 consonants and 5 vowels as follows:

|< - 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px >|
|  m  |  n  |    |     |     |
|     |  t  |    |  k  |     |
|  b  |  d  |    |     |     |
|  ɸ  |  s  |    |     |  h  |
|  w  |  ɾ  |    |     |     |


|< - 60px 60px 60px >|
|  i  |     |  u  |
|  e  |     |  o  |
|     |  a  |     |

…\\
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There is no palatal non-stop /j/, because Omati River /*j/ has been occluded to apical /ɾ/ in all positions.\\
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Neither final consonants nor consonant clusters occur, Omati River final consonants having been appended with a final vowel as in the Dukemi and Mene dialects of Kaser.\\
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…\\
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Bilabial nasal /m/ …:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||**m-**  |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |
||**-m-** |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |

Apical nasal /n/ …:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||**n-**  |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |
||**-n-** |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |

Apical voiceless stop /t/ …:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||**t-**  |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |
||**-t-** |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |

Velar voiceless stop /k/ …:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||**k-**  |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |
||**-k-** |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |

Bilabial voiced stop /b/ …:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||**b-**  |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |
||**-b-** |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |

Apical voiced stop /d/ …:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||**d-**  |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |

Bilabial fricative /ɸ/ …:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||**ɸ-**  |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |
||**-ɸ-** |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |

Fricative /s/ …:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||**s-**  |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |
||**-s-** |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |

Unoccluded fricative /h/ …:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||**h-**  |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |

Bilabial non-stop /w/ …:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||**w-**  |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |
||**-w-** |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |

Apical non-stop /ɾ/ …:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||**ɾ-**  |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |
||**-ɾ-** |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |


… vowels …:\\
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High front vowel /i/ …:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||**i**   |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |

High back vowel /u/ …:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||**u**   |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |

Mid front vowel /e/ …:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||**e**   |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |

Mid back vowel /o/ …:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||**o**   |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |

Low central vowel /a/ …:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||**a**   |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |


… diphthongs:\\
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…:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||****    |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |

…:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
||Mouwase |Mouwase  |Mowase|Omati   |Karima  |
||phonemic|Petterson|Carr  |Franklin|Johnston|
||****    |****     |****  |****    |****    |
||        |         |      |        |        |

…

===== Pronouns =====
Carr (2006) gives Mowase pronouns as follows:

|< - 100px 100px >|
|1 sg.|ini         |
|2 sg.|ia          |
|3 sg.|aea         |
|1 pl.|na-na       |
|2 pl.|ia          |
|3 pl.|ɾa-na [?sic]|
|1 dl.|ni-ɾa       |
|2 dl.|'ɾi-ɾa      |
|3 dl.|eβi-ɾa      |

===== Verbal morphology =====
Nothing is known about Mowase verbal morphology.\\
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