====== Iha ======

Timothy Usher, Santa Fe Institute

===== Situation =====
**[under construction]**\\
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===== Sources =====
**[under construction]**\\
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===== Phonology =====
**[under construction]**\\
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Donohue (2013, 2015: 405-406) gives 17 or 18 consonants and 7 vowels for Iha as follows:

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|  m   |   n̪   |        |      |        |     |
|  p   |   t̪   |        |  q   |   kp   |     |
|  mb  |  n̪d̪  |        |  ɴɢ  |  ŋmgb  |     |
|  β   |   d̪   |  [dʒ]  |  ʁ   |        |     |
|      |        |        |      |        |  ħ  |
|  w   |   ɽ    |   j    |      |        |     |


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|  i  |     |  u  |
|  e  |     |  o  |
|  ɛ  |     |  ɔ  |
|     |  a  |     |

Donohue suggests that affricate [dʒ] may be better analysed as a sequence /d̪j/ rather than as a unit phoneme.\\
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The realization of the phoneme give in (2013) as /ɣ/ and in (2015) as /ʁ/ varies between velar and uvular non-stops [ɣ ʁ].\\
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Donohue (2103) states that voiceless stops /p t̪ q kp/ can be lenited to [β ð ɣ ~ ʁ w], athough the lenition of /b q/ is mandatory while that /t̪ kp/ is uncommon. In at least one example, the rare medial prenasalized labiovelar /ŋmgb/ has been heard as a nasalized rounded non-stop [w̃].\\
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The difference between high-mid and low mid-vowels /e ɛ/ and /o ɔ/ respectively is not indicated in Donohue's orthography. They are said to contrast only in open syllables, while in closed syllables only low mid /ɛ ɔ/ are found.\\
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Flassy and Animung (1992: 10-79) …\\
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===== Pronouns =====
Flassy and Animung (1992: 68-69) give pronouns for Iha in four case forms as follows:

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|           |subject|reflexive a    |reflexive b      |possessive|
|           |-ø     |-kɛ [-kɛ ~ -gɛ]|-ja ~ [-ja ~ -ma]|---       |
|1 sg.      |ɔn     |ɔn-kɛ          |ɔn-ma            |-ɔn       |
|2 sg.      |kɔ     |kɔ-gɛ          |kɔ-ja            |-kɔ       |
|3 sg.      |mi     |mi-gɛ          |mi-ja            |-mɔ       |
|1 pl. excl |mbi    |mbi-gɛ         |---              |---       |
|1 pl. incl.|in     |in-kɛ          |---              |-in       |
|2 pl.      |ki     |ki-gɛ          |ki-ja            |-ki       |
|3 pl.      |wat    |wat-kɛ         |---              |-mi       |

… Donohue (2015: …) …\\
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… Donohue (2015: 409-412) … undergoer prefixes. These mark patients of transitive verbs and subjects of intransitive verbs alike. No distinction is drawn in number, nor between second persons and the first person plural inclusive:

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|             |undergoer|
|1 sg./pl.    |ni-      |
|2/1+2 sg./pl.|qi-      |
|3 sg./pl.    |ø-       |


===== Verbal morphology =====
**[under construction]**\\
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… Donohue (2015: 408-410) … subject desinences … yesterday past … /wˈħo-/ “go”, /qˈn̪o-/ “see” and /ħoˈkpow-/ “fall” … No distinction is drawn between third persons singular and plural or between exclusive and inclusive first person plural subjects:

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|                 |       |go             |see              |fall          |
|                 |       |wˈħo- ~ [wˈħe-]|qˈn̪o- ~ [qˈn̪e-]|ħoˈkpow-      |
|1 sg.            |-mb-on̪|wˈħo-mb-on̪    |qˈno-mb-on̪      |ħoˈkpow-mb-on̪|
|2 sg.            |-mb-e  |wˈħo-mb-e      |qˈno-mb-e        |ħoˈkpow-mb-e  |
|3 sg./pl.        |-mb-iħ |wˈħe-mb-iħ     |qˈne-mb-iħ       |ħoˈkpow-mb-ih |
|1 pl. excl./incl.|-mb-op |wˈħo-mb-op     |qˈno-mb-op       |ħoˈkpow-mb-op |
|2 pl.            |-mb-i  |wˈħo-mb-i      |qˈno-mb-i        |ħoˈkpow-mb-i  |

… Donohue (2015: 415-417) … first person singular … five tenses … six verbs ….

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|          |        |future         |past         |today past |yesterday past|remote past   |
|          |        |               |             |           |              |              |
|laugh     |ˈjet̪-  |ˈjet̪-aɴɢen̪   |ˈjet̪-en̪    |ˈjet̪-en̪  |ˈjet̪-mb-on̪  |ˈjet̪-n̪oɴɢon̪|
|fly       |puˈɽun̪-|puˈɽun̪-jaɴɢen̪|puˈɽun̪-ewen̪|puˈɽun̪-en̪|puˈɽu-mb-on̪  |puˈɽu-n̪oɴɢon̪|
|swim      |ˈnoɽowk-|               |             |           |              |              |
|hear      |qmon-   |               |             |           |              |              |
|split wood|kpˈɽeħ- |               |             |           |              |              |
|hit       |kpak-   |               |             |           |              |              |