====== Kimyal ======

Timothy Usher, Santa Fe Institute

===== Situation =====
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Kimyal (Kinyal,) also known as Koropun (Korapun, Korupun, Koruppun) is spoken by … people living in and around the valley of the Erok River … (Heeschen 1998: 17.) Koropun Mission Station … Indonesia's Papua province (Shiefenhövel 1978: 49, Voorhoeve 1968 after Bromley p.c.) Kimyal is one of three primary branches of the Mek family. There is no special relationship with Sela of the Northwest Mek subgroup.

===== Sources =====
Bromley (n.d.) unpublished vocabulary of Korapun (unobtained)

Voorhoeve (1975: 117) 36 comparative terms for Korapun after Bromley (n.d.)

Young (1981) phonology of Koropun (unobtained)

Young (1986) dictionary of Kimyal of Koropun

===== Phonology =====
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… 11 consonants and 7 vowels as follows:

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|  m  |  n  |     |  ŋ  |      |
|  b  |  d  |     |  g  |  gʷ  |
|     |     |  s  |     |      |
|  w  |  l  |  j  |     |      |


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|  i  |     |  u  |
|  e  |     |  o  |
|  ɛ  |     |  ɔ  |
|     |  a  |     |

In addition to the simple vowels given above, two diphthongs are found as follows:

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|  eⁱ  |  oᵘ  |

Kimyal is typologically unusual in having no phonemic voicless stops. Proto-Mek initials /*p *k/ have been dropped altogether, rounded velar /*kʷ/ being reflected as /w/, while apical voiceless /*t/ has been fricated to /s/ n all environments.\\
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… Young (1986) and Bromley (n.d.( as quoted in Voorhoeve (1975: 117 )).\\
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…

|< - 100px 100px 100px >|
|            |Young  |Bromley|
|            |**g**  |**x**  |
|skin/bark   |bɔg(aʔ)|boxa   |
|earth/ground|sogo   |soxu   |

…

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||Young|Bromley|
||**** |****   |
||     |       |

Young's high miid vowels /i e/ are given as [i u]

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|            |Young |Bromley|
|            |**e** |**i**  |
|blood       |eneŋ  |iniŋ   |
|sun         |eseŋ  |isiŋ   |
|two         |besene|bisini |
|            |**o** |**u**  |
|hair        |osoŋ  |asuŋ   |
|earth/ground|sogo  |soxu   |


===== Pronouns =====
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…:

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|     |free|dative|
|1 sg.|na  |-ne-  |
|2 sg.|àn  |-ga-  |
|3 sg.|al  |      |
|1 pl.|nun |      |
|2 pl.|aʔun|      |
|3 pl.|sig |      |

…\\
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===== Verbal morphology =====
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