====== Tamagario ======

Timothy Usher, Santa Fe Institute

===== Situation =====
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Tamagario (Tamario, Tamaraw) is spoken in five villages (1971) just inland from the Casuarina coast in the southwest of Indonesia's Papua province. (Voorhoeve 1971: …, 1975: ….) Voorhoeve (1971) estimates 3,500 speakers living in thirteen villages, but his population count includes seven villages speaking the Yogo dialect, which has since been determined to be a distinct language (Kriens, Lebolc and Menanti CITE.)

===== Sources =====
Drabbe (n.d.) grammar sketch of Tamagário (unobtained)

Voorhoeve (1971: 79-88) general description and (pp. 110-114) 93 comparative terms for Tamagário of Arare village

Voorhoeve (1975: 367-368) sketch phonology and pronouns for Tamagário

Voorhoeve (2007) comparative vocabulary of Tamagario

Kriens, Lebold and Menanti (2011: 44-51) 237 comparative terms for Kayagar of Arare village and 50 for Pagai village

===== Phonology =====
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Voorhoeve (1971: 82-85, 1975: 367-368) gives 8 consonants and 5 or 6 vowels for Tamagário as follows:

|< - 60px 60px 60px 60px >|
|  m  |  n  |     |     |
|  p  |  t  |     |  k  |
|  w  |  r  |  j  |     |


|< - 60px 60px 60px >|
|  i  |       |  u  |
|  e  |  [ə]  |  o  |
|     |   a   |     |

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===== Pronouns =====
Voorhoeve (1971: 85-86, 1975: 367-368,) following the manuscript of Drabbe (n.d.), gives pronouns for Tamagário in four case forms as follows, with subject forms from Kriens, Lebold and Menantni (2011: 45-46) presented for comparison:

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
|     |Voorhoeve|Voorhoeve|Voorhoeve      |Voorhoeve |Kriens et al.       |
|     |subject  |emphatic |indirect object|possessive|                    |
|1 sg.|nak      |nak-ar   |nak-ere        |(naka-)nem|daχ                 |
|2 sg.|ak       |ak-ar    |ak-ere         |a-nam     |aχ                  |
|3 sg.|ek       |ek-am-ar |ek-am-ere      |e-nem     |aχː-nem̃\\ aχː-waˈti|
|1 pl.|nep      |nep-ar   |nep-ere        |no-kom    |depʰ                |
|2 pl.|akan-ek  |akan-ar  |akan-ere       |i-kim     |aɣan-ekʰ            |
|3 pl.|wep; wene|wep-ar   |wep-ere        |wep-kom   |wenːekʰ             |

Voorhoeve's transcriptions are phonemic; e.g. initial /n/ above is actually pronounced [d].



===== Verbal morphology =====
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