====== Awiyaana ======

Timothy Usher, Santa Fe Institute

===== Situation =====
Awiyaana (Awíyááná, Auyana) is spoken by approximately 4,500 people (1973) living in the Kainantu subdistrict of Papua New Guinea's Eastern Highlands Province. Awiyaana is spoken in two dialects, the central dialect, including Asempa, Arora and Kosena villages, and the Kawaina village dialect in the southwest. The people of Kosena (population 350, 1973) in the far northwest, geographically separated from the others, migrated from Arora in recent times. Awiyaana is closely related to Usarufa, but the two are not mutually intelligible (McKaughan 1973: 179, McKaughan and Marks 1973: 181.)

===== Dialects =====
There are two dialects of Awiyaana as follows:\\
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Awiyaana

Kawaina

Asempa-Kosena (Central Awiyaana)\\
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The central dialect includes the villages of Asempa, Arora and Kosena (McKaughan 1973: 179.) McKaughan (1964: 99-101, 1973: 695-698) calculates lexicostatistical resemblances between three Auyana villages as follows:

|< - 60px 60px 60px 60px >|
|       |  Kawaina  |  Kosena  |  Asempa  |
|Kawaina|    ---    |   93.9   |   91.9   |
|Kosena |   93.9    |   ---    |   97.9   |
|Asempa |   91.9    |   97.9   |   ---    |

===== Sources =====
Capell (1948-1949: 350-354) pronouns and 115 comparative terms for Forei

McKaughan (1964: 98-121) 546 comparative terms for Auyana of Asempa village, reprinted in McKaughan ed. (1973: 694-738)

Bee (1965: 1-37) 60 Auyana words including reflexes of proto-Kainantu, reprinted in McKaughan ed. (1973: 739-768)

McKaughan and Marks (1973: 181-189) phonology and morphology of Kosena village

McKaughan, compiler (1973: 324-389) Auyana texts from Asempa

Kerr (1973: 769-799) 35 Auyana kin terms from Asempa and Kosena including reflexes of proto-Kainantu

Marks (1974) grammar of Kosena

Marks (1975) dictionary of Kosena

Marks (1992) sketch phonology of Awiyaana and Kosena

Marks (n.d.) Kosena body parts

Marks (n.d.) Kosena final verb morphology

===== Phonology =====
Marks (1992) gives 14 consonants and 6 vowels for Awiyaana and Kosena as follows:

|< - 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px >|
|  m  |  n  |     |     |     |
|  p  |  t  |     |  k  |  ʔ  |
|  b  |  d  |     |  g  |     |
|  ɸ  |  s  |     |     |     |
|     |  ɾ  |     |     |     |
|  w  |     |  j  |     |     |


|< - 60px 60px 60px >|
|  i   |      |  u   |
|  e:  |  ɐ   |  o:  |
|      |  ɑ:  |      |

(n.b. Marks gives /ɐ/ as /ʌ/)\\
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This is a substantial revision of the system given in McKaughan and Marks (1973: 181-183.)\\
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The labial fricative is realized as bilabial [ɸ] in Awiyaana of Aasempa and as voiced labiodental [v] in Kosena.\\
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Each syllable takes one of two tones, low or high.

===== Pronouns =====
**[under construction]**\\
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Marks (1974: 62, McKaughan and Marks 1973: 185) …

McKaughan and Marks (1973: 185, Marks 1974: 15-16) …

===== Verbal morphology =====
**[under construction]**\\
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Marks (n.d.) …\\
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