====== Kumukio ======

Timothy Usher, Santa Fe Institute

===== Situation =====
Kumukio is spoken by approximately 550 people (1975) living in two villages, Kumukio (Gumukio) and Soleng, in Papua New Guinea's Morobe province (Hooley and McElhanon 1970: 1071, McElhanon 1975: 534, 1984: 552, Suter 2018: 7, q.v. p. 4.)

===== Sources =====
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McElhanon and Voorhoeve (1970) 67 Trans New Guinea comparisons include examples from Kumukio

McElhanon (2012) 768 comparative terms for Kumukio

Suter (2018) …

===== Phonology =====
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===== Pronouns =====
Suter (2018: 299 after McElhanon n.d.) gives personal pronouns for Kumukio in five case forms as follows (morpheme separations ours):

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
|     |basic|ergative|genitive|emphatic|possessives|
|1 sg.|?    |?       |no-ŋ-got|no-ŋ-a  |-ne        |
|2 sg.|?    |?       |go-ɣot  |go-ŋ-a  |-ŋgo       |
|3 sg.|jok  |joɣ-o   |jo-kot  |joɣ-a   |-o         |
|1 pl.|nen  |nen-o   |nen-got |nen-a   |-nen-ŋe    |
|2 pl.|ek   |eɣ-o    |e-kot   |eɣ-a    |-je-ŋe     |
|3 pl.|ek   |eɣ-o    |e-kot   |eɣ-a    |-je-ŋe     |
|1 dl.|net  |ner-o   |net-kot |ner-a   |-net-ŋe    |
|2 dl.|et   |er-o    |et-kot  |er-a    |-jer-e     |
|3 dl.|et   |er-o    |et-kot  |er-a    |-jer-e     |

Unlike the other Northeast Huon Peninsula languges, Kumukio's emphatics are not forms by suffixation of the possessive but by suffixation of /-a/ or, in the case of the first and second person singulars, by /-ŋ-a/.



===== Verbal morphology =====
Suter (2018: 323 after McElhanon n.d.) gives Kumukio subject desinences for five tenses/aspects/moods as follows, the sequential aspect being found on different-subject medial verbs. Second and third persons are distinguished from one another only in singulars. (morpheme separations ours):

|< - 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px 100px >|
|       |past|present|habitual  |imperative|sequential|
|1 sg.  |-an |-wan   |-ma-wan   |-mbo      |-ala      |
|2 sg.  |-en |-(j)an |ma-jan    |-non      |-no       |
|3 sg.  |-ep |-(j)ap |-ma-jap   |-ok       |-o        |
|1 pl.  |-wen|-won-en|-ma-wen-en|-np       |-wen-o    |
|2/3 pl.|-weŋ|-won-eŋ|-ma-won-eŋ|-ŋek      |-ŋeg-o    |
|1 dl.  |-wet|-won-et|-ma-wer-et|-ndo      |-wer-o    |
|2/3 dl.|-et |-won-et|-ma-wor-ot|-ot       |-er-o     |