Maklew

Timothy Usher, Santa Fe Institute

Situation

Maklew is spoken by approximately 200 people (2010) living in Welbuti village on the Mawek river, a tributary of the Bulaka, in the Okaba subdistrict of the Merauke regency of Indonesia's Papua province. According to Lebold, Kriens and de Vries, children are abandoning the use of Maklew in favor of Indonesian. Residents of Welbuti report two other villages, Woboyu and Dodolim, in which the same language is alleged to be spoken in a dialect Drabbe calls Nggarùm (Drabbe 1950: 49, Lebold, Kriens and de Vries 2010: 8, 14, 16, 25, q.v. p. 7.)

Sources

Drabbe (1950) grammar and (pp. 566-574) 422 comparative terms for Maklèw

Nevermann (1952) gives ethnographic notes, language notes and up to (pp. 81-82) 90 comparative terms for Makleu(ga) of Welbuti village

Lebold, Kriens and de Vries (2010: 46-52) 239 comparative terms for Maklew of Welbuti

Phonology

Drabbe (1950: 549) gives 15 consonants and 8 vowels for Maklèw as follows:

m n ŋ
p t k
mb nd ŋg
f s h
w l j
i y u
e
ɛ ə ɔ
a

[under construction]

Pronouns

Drabbe (1950: 550-551) gives pronouns for Maklèw in three case forms as follows:

subjectoblique possessive
1 sg.ŋəllo ŋəl-el ≈ ŋl-elŋəl-aŋ ≈ ŋl-aŋ
2 sg.obe aw-ol aw-aŋ
3 sg.ib ib-el ib-aŋ
1 pl.ŋag ŋag-ol ŋag-aŋ
2 pl.omle al-el al-aŋ
3 pl.imel iml-el iml-aŋ

Verbal morphology

[under construction]

Drabbe (1950: 552-556) gives Maklèw desinence paradigms for the root /-pəs-/ “jump” in five basic tense forms as follows:

present/todayyesterday distant past future imperative
1 sg. ep-pəs-'oma ema-pəs-ø eme-ŋa-pəs-'oma bema-pəs-ka
2 sg. ep-pəs-'o ema-pəs-ø eme-ŋa-pəs-'o beba-pəs-ø
3 sg. m.ep-pəs-'o ema-pəs-ø eme-i-ps-'a beba-pəs-p
3 sg. f.ep-a-ps-'o ema-pəs-ane em-a-pəs-'pu bia-pəs-pe
1 pl. ema-pəs-ø ema-pəs-ø eme-ima-ps-'a bema-pəs-ba
2 pl. ema-pəs-'wogaema-pəs-'wogaeme-ima-pəs-'agabia-pəs-boga
3 pl. ema-pəs-'wa ema-pəs-'wa em-o-pəs-'pu bia-pəs-'bopa
1 dl. epo-p's-o ema-pəs-ø eme-ŋapo-ps-'o bia-pəs-pa
2 dl. epo-ps-'oga ema-pəs-'wogaeme-ima-pəs-'a bia-pəs-ga
3 dl. epo-ps-'o ema-pəs-'wa em-o-pəs-'pu bia-pəs-pa

(Bracketed forms are not directly attested but are inferred from the text.)

Durative aspect is distinguished in three tense forms as follows. The present/today past/yesterday past and distant past forms are preceded by the participle phrase /pəs-wo l/:

today/yesterdaydistant pastfuture
1 sg.
2 sg.
3 sg. m.
3 sg. f.
1 pl.
2 pl.
3 pl.
1 dl.
2 dl.
3 dl.

Negative … tenses as follows:

present/todayyesterdaydistant pastfuture
1 sg.
2 sg.
3 sg. m.
3 sg. f.
1 pl.
2 pl.
3 pl.
1 dl.
2 dl.
3 dl.

Negative durative … :

today/yesterdaydistant pastfuture
1 sg.
2 sg.
3 sg. m.
3 sg. f.
1 pl.
2 pl.
3 pl.
1 dl.
2 dl.
3 dl.

The irregular verb “be” is given in three tense forms as follows (pp. 580-581):

present past future
1 sg. em-'ak eim'aka bema-ŋajk-ka
2 sg. eme-n eimna beba-ŋajk-ø
3 sg. m.a e'jokwa beba-ŋajk-ap
3 sg. f.'akane aku'pu bia-ŋajk-ap
1 pl. eme-b eimeba bema-ŋaik-a'ni
2 pl. eme-'boga eime'bagabia-ŋajk-a'ga
3 pl. a'ba eiba bia-ŋajk-apa
1 dl. em-'aŋgo eimama bia-ŋajk-a'pa
2 dl. em-a'ŋo-gaeima'nagabia-ŋaijk-ga
3 dl. 'aŋo eiŋ'wa bia-ŋajk-pa

Verbal objects are given for future forms of … verbs as follows. No dual forms are given: