Tamagario
Timothy Usher, Santa Fe Institute
Situation
[under construction]
Tamagario (Tamario, Tamaraw) is spoken in five villages (1971) just inland from the Casuarina coast in the southwest of Indonesia's Papua province. (Voorhoeve 1971: …, 1975: ….) Voorhoeve (1971) estimates 3,500 speakers living in thirteen villages, but his population count includes seven villages speaking the Yogo dialect, which has since been determined to be a distinct language (Kriens, Lebolc and Menanti CITE.)
Sources
Drabbe (n.d.) grammar sketch of Tamagário (unobtained)
Voorhoeve (1971: 79-88) general description and (pp. 110-114) 93 comparative terms for Tamagário of Arare village
Voorhoeve (1975: 367-368) sketch phonology and pronouns for Tamagário
Voorhoeve (2007) comparative vocabulary of Tamagario
Kriens, Lebold and Menanti (2011: 44-51) 237 comparative terms for Kayagar of Arare village and 50 for Pagai village
Phonology
[under construction]
Voorhoeve (1971: 82-85, 1975: 367-368) gives 8 consonants and 5 or 6 vowels for Tamagário as follows:
| m | n | ||
| p | t | k | |
| w | r | j |
| i | u | |
| e | [ə] | o |
| a |
…
Pronouns
Voorhoeve (1971: 85-86, 1975: 367-368,) following the manuscript of Drabbe (n.d.), gives pronouns for Tamagário in four case forms as follows, with subject forms from Kriens, Lebold and Menantni (2011: 45-46) presented for comparison:
| Voorhoeve | Voorhoeve | Voorhoeve | Voorhoeve | Kriens et al. | |
| subject | emphatic | indirect object | possessive | ||
| 1 sg. | nak | nak-ar | nak-ere | (naka-)nem | daχ |
| 2 sg. | ak | ak-ar | ak-ere | a-nam | aχ |
| 3 sg. | ek | ek-am-ar | ek-am-ere | e-nem | aχː-nem̃ aχː-waˈti |
| 1 pl. | nep | nep-ar | nep-ere | no-kom | depʰ |
| 2 pl. | akan-ek | akan-ar | akan-ere | i-kim | aɣan-ekʰ |
| 3 pl. | wep; wene | wep-ar | wep-ere | wep-kom | wenːekʰ |
Voorhoeve's transcriptions are phonemic; e.g. initial /n/ above is actually pronounced [d].
Verbal morphology
[under construction]
…