Paho River
Timothy Usher, Santa Fe Institute
Situation
[under construction]
The Paho River (Pahoturi) family consists of at least four languages spoken … Papua New Guinea's Western province.
Subclassification
[under construction]
The internal classification of Paho River is as follows:
Paho River
Agob
Ende
Idi
Täme
Chalmers'( 1903: 111-115) Bugi and Lyons' (1914-1915: 186-187) Ngamai-iki are not quite reducible to any of the above and may represent independent languages.
Sources
[under construction]
Anonymous (1890-1891: 128-132) vocabulary of Dabu and Toga
Ray (1895: …) comparative vocabulary of Dabu after Anonymous (1890-1891)
Chalmers (1897) vocabulary of Bugi (unobtained)
Chalmers (1903: 111-115) 533 terms for Bugi
Ray (1907: …) comparative vocabularies of Bugi after Chalmers (CITE) and Dabu after Anonymous (1890-1891)
Lyons (1914-1915: 186-187) 132 comparative terms for Ngamai-iki of Bere, Wun, Gaima and Taberatat villages and Mbayaka (Idi) of Demeri, Boiboi, Mikadal, Mangall and Kuangatabin villages
Lyons (1917-1918: 98) 162 comparative terms for Agob (Wongob) of Bunkukalam village
Austen (1919-1920: 123) 172 comparative terms for Dibolug of Gujiguji and Dumbasisi villages and Warubi1 of Tobilawaa and Kopu villages (same vocabulary, appears to be Idi possibly mixed with Täme)
Ray (1923) comparative vocabularies …
Karius (1924-1925: 73) 161 comparative terms for Kibuli (Agob) of Kibuli village
Karius (1924-1925: 74-75) 164 comparative terms for Kawam of Weda village
Riley (1930-1931: 832-850) 448 comparative terns for Dabu (Agob)
Williams (1936) …
Wurm, Rule and Rule (n.d.) sketch phonology of Idi
Gasaway, Rempel and Dondorp (1995) orthography for Idi (unobtained)
Jore and Alemán (2002: 43-48) 160 comparative terms for Ende of Limol village and Tame of Kinkin village
Evans (2012) …
Evans, Arka, Carroll, Döhler, Kashima, Mittag, Quinn, Siegel, Tama and van Tongeren (forthcoming) …
Schokkin (2015) comparative vocabularies of Agöb of Dimsisi village, Idi of Dimsisi and Täme of Dimsisi in Carroll ed. (2015)
Gast (2015) comparative vocabulary of Idi of Sibidiri village in Carroll ed. (2015)
Historical phonology
[under construction]
Proto-Paho River had … consonants and … vowels as follows:
| *m | *mʷ | *n | *ŋ | [*ŋʷ] | ||
| *p | *pʷ | *t | *ʈ | *ts | *k | *kʷ |
| *b | *bʷ | *d | *ɖ | *dz | *g | *gʷ |
| *mb | *mbʷ | *nd | *ɳɖ | *ndz | *ŋg | *ŋgʷ |
| *l | *ɭ | |||||
| *w | *r | *ɽ | *j |
| *… | *… | |
| *… | *ə | *… |
| *… |
Bilabial voiceless stop /*p/ is not fricated to [ɸ] as it is in the Morehead families to the west.
Intiial velar nasal /*ŋ/ is synchronically in complimentary distribution to prenasalized stop /*ŋg/; however they have different historical origins and, if [ŋ] were considered an allophone of /*ŋg/, this would be the only prenasalized stop found initially (below.)
Prenasalized stops do not occur initially, where they have been merged with plain voiced stops.
…
Pronouns
[under construction]
…
Verbal morphology
[under construction]
…