Kumukio
Timothy Usher, Santa Fe Institute
Situation
Kumukio is spoken by approximately 550 people (1975) living in two villages, Kumukio (Gumukio) and Soleng, in Papua New Guinea's Morobe province (Hooley and McElhanon 1970: 1071, McElhanon 1975: 534, 1984: 552, Suter 2018: 7, q.v. p. 4.)
Sources
[under construction]
McElhanon and Voorhoeve (1970) 67 Trans New Guinea comparisons include examples from Kumukio
McElhanon (2012) 768 comparative terms for Kumukio
Suter (2018) …
Phonology
[under construction]
…
Pronouns
Suter (2018: 299 after McElhanon n.d.) gives personal pronouns for Kumukio in five case forms as follows (morpheme separations ours):
| basic | ergative | genitive | emphatic | possessives | |
| 1 sg. | ? | ? | no-ŋ-got | no-ŋ-a | -ne |
| 2 sg. | ? | ? | go-ɣot | go-ŋ-a | -ŋgo |
| 3 sg. | jok | joɣ-o | jo-kot | joɣ-a | -o |
| 1 pl. | nen | nen-o | nen-got | nen-a | -nen-ŋe |
| 2 pl. | ek | eɣ-o | e-kot | eɣ-a | -je-ŋe |
| 3 pl. | ek | eɣ-o | e-kot | eɣ-a | -je-ŋe |
| 1 dl. | net | ner-o | net-kot | ner-a | -net-ŋe |
| 2 dl. | et | er-o | et-kot | er-a | -jer-e |
| 3 dl. | et | er-o | et-kot | er-a | -jer-e |
Unlike the other Northeast Huon Peninsula languges, Kumukio's emphatics are not forms by suffixation of the possessive but by suffixation of /-a/ or, in the case of the first and second person singulars, by /-ŋ-a/.
Verbal morphology
Suter (2018: 323 after McElhanon n.d.) gives Kumukio subject desinences for five tenses/aspects/moods as follows, the sequential aspect being found on different-subject medial verbs. Second and third persons are distinguished from one another only in singulars. (morpheme separations ours):
| past | present | habitual | imperative | sequential | |
| 1 sg. | -an | -wan | -ma-wan | -mbo | -ala |
| 2 sg. | -en | -(j)an | ma-jan | -non | -no |
| 3 sg. | -ep | -(j)ap | -ma-jap | -ok | -o |
| 1 pl. | -wen | -won-en | -ma-wen-en | -np | -wen-o |
| 2/3 pl. | -weŋ | -won-eŋ | -ma-won-eŋ | -ŋek | -ŋeg-o |
| 1 dl. | -wet | -won-et | -ma-wer-et | -ndo | -wer-o |
| 2/3 dl. | -et | -won-et | -ma-wor-ot | -ot | -er-o |