Baibai-Momu
Timothy Usher, Santa Fe Institute
Situation
[under construction]
The Baibai-Momun family consists of two languages, Baibai and Momu, also known as Fas, spoken … Papua New Guinea's Sandaun privince.
Subclassification
The internal classiciation of Baibai-Momo is as follows.
Baibai-Momu
Baibai
Momu
Baron (1983) gives lexicostatistical figure …
Sources
[under construction]
Laycock …
Baron (1979) phonology of Fas (unobtained)
Baron (1983: 4-8) 100 comaprative terms for Fas and Baibai
Baron (1979) tense and aspect in Fas
Baron (2007) phonology of Fas
Honeyman (2017) grammar of Momu including (pp. 619-629) comparisons to Baibai
In addition to these, ….
Historical phonology
[under construction]
Proto-Baibai-Momu had ¬ consonants and at lest 7 vowels as follows:
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| Baibai-Momu | Baibai | Baibai | Fas | Fas | Momu | |
| Baron | Loving | Baron | Loving | Honeyman | ||
| *… | ||||||
| 1 sg. | *… | ɛtjɛ | ætiʌ | tɛ | te(-jə) | |
| older brother | *apɛ | apɛ | ape | apɛ | apə | |
| name | *ambu | ambu | abow ~ aʙow | aβaʔ | [aʙu] | |
| big | *a… | anɔw ~ anɛw | anɔw ~ anɛw | [anɔw] | ||
| father (add.) | *a… | aj | ajɔw | |||
| snake sp. | *m… | mənja | məni | [məni] | ||
| corpse | *m… | mətərɛ | məkətɛ | [məkətɛ] | ||
| smoke | *mVsV | -smoʔ | -məsoa | |||
| tooth | *m… | |||||
| star | *mɛmbVkɛ | mɛmbəkɛ | mɛʙəkɛ | [mɛʙəkɛ] | ||
| mother (add.) | *mɛ | me | mejɔw | |||
| flying fox | *mɛnɛ | meneʔ | mɛne | |||
| net bag | *man | man | man | [mɐ̃n] | ||
| shoulder | *mandVɸV | maruɸwʌ | makəfo | |||
| woman | *mɔŋgɔ | moŋgo | mo | [mõˑ] | ||
| louse | *m… | muni | monbu | |||
| walk/go | *p… | pənəmɛ | pən | pɪno | [pɪn] | |
| knife | *p… | pena | pina | pena | [pɪna ~ pena] | |
| water/river | *ɸi | fi | ɸi ~pi | fi | ɸi | [fi] |
| salt | *ɸVn[ɛ] | fənɛ | fən | [fɪn] | ||
| breast/milk | *ɸVki | fəki | ɸɪki | fejʔ | ɸi | [fɪj] |
| house | *ɸVndV | fərə ~ fərɛ | fək | [fɪkj̥] | ||
| tongue | *ɸ… | fənɛkjɔ | ɸʌnagiju | fonɛ | ɸonɛ | [fʊnɛ] |
| who?/what? | *mb… | biɛ ~ bje- | biɛ ~ bijʌ | bɛ- | βia- | [ʙjɛ ~ ʙɪ-] |
| something | *mb… | bjɛmbjɛrgwa | ʙɛʙɛkow | |||
| quality sfx. | *-mb… | -mbwe | -ʙo | |||
| shoot | *n… | nituɛ | nej | [nɪj] | ||
| animal | *n… | [nəpo] | ||||
| two | *n… | [nəʙəm] | ||||
| penis gourd | *n… | nəmbɛ | nəʙɛ | [nɪʙɛ] | ||
| betel pepper | *n… | nəgwa | nuu | |||
| get/take | *n… | nanəmɛ | nae | |||
| axe | *tɔmakɔ | tɔmakwɔ | tɔmako | |||
| liver | *tVtV | tutuwʌ | tɪta | |||
| eat/drink | *nd… | ri-nəmɛ | kej | |||
| tree | *nd… | re | dijʌ | |||
| hand | *ndɛŋgi | rɛgi | kɛj | [kɛj] | ||
| know | *ndam… | ramowʌ | -kamɛɸɛə | |||
| tobacco | *ndandVɸi | rarəfi | -raripi ~ -rariɸi | kafəki | -kʷakəɸi | [kakəfi] |
| smoke | *nd… | [kamɛsɔ] | ||||
| fire | *ndɔa | la | ndaʔ | koɔ | koa ~ koə | [kʷɔ] |
| bow | *ndVmas | rəmas | kəmas | gʊmasj̥ | ||
| many | *ndɔambɔ | rambɔ ~ raumbwʌ | koβo ~ kwoβoa | [kʷɔʙɔ] | ||
| fat/grease | *sVmbu | səmbu | səʙu | [sɪʙu] | ||
| black | *sVŋgarɔ | suŋgaro | soko | |||
| paradise sp. | *sujakɛ | sujake | sujake | [swakɛ] | ||
| eye | *kVri | korə | kurʌ | kɔj | koi | kɔj [kɔj] |
| path | *k… | usja | wusiʌ | kɔsj | kos | kɔsj |
| sago jelly | *ŋg… | gisi | ɛsi̥ | ɛsj [ʔəsj̥] | ||
| axe | *ŋgambɛ | gambɛ | gambe | abɛ | aɸɛ | [aʙɛ] |
| areca nut | *ŋgVmVsV | gɔməsa | ɛmse | [ʔəmse ~ʔɛmse] | ||
| earth/ground | *ŋgVndV | gɔrɛ ~ gwaro | igwadʌ | akwɔ | akua | [ʔɔkɔ] |
| mosquito | *ŋg…si | gusi | osi̥ | [ʔʊsj̥] | ||
| copulation | *ŋg… | kusu | oso | |||
| 2 pl. | *hat… | atjɛ | hari̥ | aria | [arj̥] | |
| egg | *handɔ | haro | hakɔ | [akɔ] | ||
| 2 sg. | *[h]aŋgi | aŋgi | aŋgiʌ | haj | ai(-jə) | aj [ʔɐj] |
| skin | *hVraɔ | (w)ɔrɔw | wʌrʌɔ ~ - wʌrauwʌ | hao | awu ~ au | |
| moon | *wVsi | wɔsi | wʌsi | uəs | uɛs | [wəs ~ wɛs] |
| 3 sg. | *wɔ | wɔ | wɔ(β) | |||
| stone | *wɔneŋgrɛ | wonɛŋgrɛ | wonɛ | [wunɛ] | ||
| man | *j… | jimɛni ~ jimeh | jimɛ(ni̥) ~ imɛ | [jimɛ̃ ~ jɪmɛ̃] | ||
| good | *jɛ… | jɛsau | ɛmso | |||
| 1 pl. | *jɛ… | ɛtəmbɛ | jɛrj ~ jɛrə-bhow | [jɛrəʙu] | ||
| speak | *jɛŋg… | ɛŋgjanəmɛ | jɛjɛn |
… initial consonants…
Initial bilababial nasal /*m/ is retained as such in both languages:
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Initial apical nasal /*n/ is retained as such in both languages:
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Initial bilabial voiceless stop /*p/ …
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Initial apical voiceless stop /*t/ …
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Initial velar voiceless stop /*k/… :
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Initiall bilabial prenasalized voiced stop /*mb/ … (q.v. Honeyman 2017: 621-622):
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Initial apical prenasalized voiced stop /*nd/ … a change shared with Pagi of the Poal River family immediately to the west (q.v. Honeyman 2017: 623, Gerstner-Link 2018: …):
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Initial velar prenasalized voiced stop /*ŋg/ is lost in Momu (q.v. Honeyman 2017: 622):
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Initial bilabial voiceless fricative /*ɸ/ is retained as such in both languages:
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Initial laminal voiceless fricative /*s/ is retained as such in both languages:
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… medial consonants …
Medial bilabial nasal /*m/ …:
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Medial apical nasal /*n/ …:
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Medial bilabial voiceless stop /*p/ …:
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Medial apical voiceless stop /*t/ …:
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Medial velar voiceless stop /*k/ … (q.v. Honeyman 2017: 622)::
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…Medial bilabial prenasalized voiced stop /*mb/ … (q.v. Honeyman 2017: 621-622):
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Medial apical prenasalized voiced stop /*nd/ is lost in Momu (q.v. Honeyman 2017: 623):
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Medial velar prenasalized voiced stop /*ŋg/ … (q.v. Honeyman 2017: 622)::
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Medial apical non-stop /*r/ is lost in Momu:
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Pronouns
[under construction]
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Verbal morphology
[under construction]
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