Tanggu
Timothy Usher, Santa Fe Institute
Situation
Tanggu (Tangu, Tanggum) is spoken by 3,000 people (1992) living in ten villages south of Bogia and east of the Ramu River in the Bogia subdistrict of Papua New Guinea's Madang province (Lotterman 1992: 1, q.v. Capell 1951-1952: 132.) Its nearest relative is Igom immediately to the west, with which it shares a 65% lexicostatistical resemblance (Z'graggen 1971: 80.) According to Lotterman, Tanggu is spoken in three dialects, Siriken, Kuma and Wagi.
The staple crops of the Tanggu people are yams, mami yams, taros and bananas (Burridge 1969: 40-41, 42.)
Sources
Capell (1951-1952: 141-143) grammar notes and (pp. 201-203) 81 comparative terms for Tanggum
Z'graggen (1969, 1971: 79, 90-91) 13 comparative terms for Tangu
Z'graggen (1972) comparative vocabulary of Tangu
Z'graggen (1975) …
Burridge (1969) …
Lotterman (1992) sketch phonology of Tanggu (Nai)
Foley (2005: 119-121) 60 comparative terms for Tangu
Additionally, a survey vocabulary of Tanggu of Ada was provided in digitalized form by Paul Whitehouse via the Summer Institute of Linguistics, Ukarumpa, however it is undated and unattributed.
Phonology
Lotterman (1992) gives 16 consonants and 4 vowels for Tanggu as follows:
m | n | ɲ | ŋ |
p | t | s | k |
mb | nd | ndʑ | ŋg |
β | r | j | ʁ |
i | ɨ | u |
a |
Pronouns
Capell (1951-1952: 142) gives Tanggum pronouns in three case forms as follows, with Z'graggen's (1972) and Foley's (2005: 119) Tangu nominative forms included for comparison. The accusative is distinguished only in the first person singular:
Capell | Z'graggen | Foley | |||
nominative | accusative | genitive | nominative | nominative | |
1 sg. | ku | na | ku-ka | kʊ-aβ | ku |
2 sg. | nu | — | nu-ka | nʊ-aβ | nu |
3 sg. | ma:n | — | ma:n-ka | mʌn | man |
1 pl. | nai | — | [etc.] | nʌɪ | nai |
2 pl. | ni | — | ni-aβ | ni | |
3 pl. | manda | — | manda; danda | manda | |
1 dl. | naŋgi | — | naŋgi | naŋgi | |
2 dl. | nuŋgi | — | niŋgi | niŋgi ≈ nuŋgi | |
3 dl. | mapai | — | maɲaɪ | mapai |
Counting system
Capell (1951-1952: 143) gives five numbers for Tanggum as follows:
1 | unu'am |
2 | munai |
3 | munezina'ga:ka |
4 | deapaimapai |
5 | de:zinaga |