Naki

Timothy Usher, Santa Fe Institute

Situation

[under construction]

Naki, or Nagi, is spoken by … in the Merauke Regency of Indonesia's Papua province (Wilbrink 2004: CITE.) The term Naki [naki] /'naɣi/ means “what?” (q.v. Wilbrink 2004: 109f, Williamson 2010: 19-20.)

Sources

Jang (2003: 39-47) 239 comparative terms for Nagi of Kawor 2 village

Wilbrink (2004: 109a-110f) 239+ comparative terms for Sait (Nagi)

Williamson (2010) grammar of Nagi

Phonology

[under construction]

No phonology of Naki is provided in Wilbrink (2004) or Williamson (2010.) … at least 11 or 12 consonants and 5 vowels as follows:

m n
[p] t s k
mb nd ŋg
w r j
i u
e o
a


All examples in the sections which follow are given in Williamson's orthography without further interpretation.

Pronouns

Williamson (2010: 12-14) gives Nagi pronouns in two case forms as follows:

subjectposs./emph.
1 sg. ne ne-ki
2 sg. m. kep kep-ki
2 sg. f. kup kup-ki
3 sg. m. e e-ki
3 sg. f. u u-ki
1 pl. excl.nu nu-ki
1 pl. incl.nup nup-ki
2 pl. ip ip-ki
3 pl. i i-ki

When the emphatic/possessed forms are used to signify possession, they replace the possessed noun and mean “mine”, “yours”, etc. The suffix /-ki/ is the general deictic enclitic (pp. 27-29.)

Verbal morphology

[under construction]

Williamson (2010: 30-61) gives Nagi independent verbs in six tense forms as follows:

subjectpast today pastcustomaryimmed. fut.future future cust.
-ŋg- -s- -z- -oka- -oka-s- -oka-z-
1 sg. -i/-ø -ŋg-i -s-i -z-i -oka-ø -oka-s-i -oka-z-i
2 sg. -ep -ŋg-ep-s-ep -z-ep -ok-ep -oka-s-ep-oka-z-ep
3 sg. m.-e/-o -ŋg-e -s-e -z-e -ok-o -oka-s-e -oka-z-e
3 sg. f.-u -ŋg-u -s-u -z-u -ok-u -oka-s-u -oka-z-u
1 pl. -up -ŋg-up-s-up -z-up -ok-up -oka-s-up-oka-z-up
2/3 pl. -ip -ŋg-ip-s-ip -z-ip -ok-ip -oka-s-ip-oka-z-ip

Gender is not distinguished in the second person singular, nor does the first person plural distinguish between inclusive and exclusive. Third person plural is not distinguished from second person plural.

It may be seen that the first person singular and third person singular masculine subject forms in the immediate future differ from those in the other tenses. Otherwise, the subject markers appear to be encliticized versions of the free pronouns (above.)

Dependent medial verbs …:

different sbj.
-k/-ø
1 sg. -i-k
2 sg. -ep-ø
3 sg. m.-e-k
3 sg. f.-u-k
1 pl. -up-ø
2/3 pl. -ip-ø

Counting system

Naki has a body-part counting system of the type characteristic of the Digul River-Ok region, and arguably of New Guinea in general, in which the term for the number is the same as that for the body part which is touched during tallying. Counting begins from the left pinkie at one, proceeding to the thumb and then up the left side of the body until reaching the nose, then proceeding downward on the right side of the body as follows (Williamson 2010: 16-17):

left side right side
pinkie 1 kerket 27 bak kerket
ring finger 2 kerket kawi26 bak kerket kawi
middle finger3 saropkur 25 bak saropkur
index finger 4 ai kawi 24 bak ai kawi
thumb 5 ai 23 bak ai
wrist 6 ŋgoŋ 22 bak ŋgoŋ
forearm 7 er 21 bak er
elbow 8 vom 20 bak
upper arm 9 zaver 19 bak zaver
shoulder 10 mariŋ 18 bak mariŋ
side of neck 11 kum 17 bak kum
ear 12 kisu 16 bak kisu
eye 13 kiwe 15 bak kiwe
nose 14 mito