Fataluku
Timothy Usher, Santa Fe Institute
Situation
[under construction]
Fataluku (Fatuluku, Fataluco, Fata-lukunu) is spoken by over 30,000 (2009) people living in the northeast portion of Timor island … most of East Timor 's Lautém (Lospalos) district … The term Fataluku /fata-luku/, or /fata-luko/ in the eastern dialect, means …Fatalukunu /fata-luku-n-u/ … ; Capell's (1972) spelling “Fatuluku” appears to be in error (Van Englenhoven 2009: CITE., Heston 2015: …) Its nearest relative is the Oirata language spoken on Kisar island off the coast to the north, the two of which share a somewhat more distant relationship to Makasae and Makalero immediately to the west (…, Mandala 2010, 2011, Schapper, Huber and van Engelenhoven 2012, 2014.) In addition to words inherited from proto-East Timor, Falatuku has a large number of words borrowed from Austronesian languages … as well as Arabic and Sanskrit via Malay … Portuguese …
Dialects
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Fataluku
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Sources
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Capell (1972: 97-101) 93 comparative terms for Fatuluku
Campagnolo (1972) Fataluku (unobtained)
Campagnolo (1973) Fataluku (unobtained)
Campagnolo (1979) Fataluku (unobtained)
Arnaud and Campagnolo (1997) 904 comparative terms for Fataluku
Cailoro (2002) dictionary of Fata-lukunu (unobtained)
van Engelenhoven and Cailoro (2006) comparison of Fataluku and Makuva
Nacher (2002-2003, 2004) dictionary of Fataluco (unobtained)
Hull (2005) Fataluku (unobtained)
Langford (2007) grammar of Fataluku (unobtained)
McWilliam (2007) … Fataluku
Hewitt (2007) large vocabulary of Fataluku
Fataluku language project (n.d.) large vocabulary of Fataluku
Stoel (2007) Fataluku question intonation
Stoel (2007) Fataluku prosody
Stoel (2008) Fataluku tones (unobtained)
van Naerssen (2008) … Fataluku
van Engelenhoven (2009) Fataluku derivations
van Engelenhoven (2010) Fataluku serial verbs
Mandala (2010: 256-264) 172 Fataluku reflexes of proto-Oirata-Fataluku-Makasai
Mandala (2011) comparison of Fataluku with Oirata and Makasai
Schapper, Huber and van Engelhoven (2012) Fataluku reflexes of proto-Timor
Schapper, Huber and van Engelhoven (2014) Fataluku reflexes of proto-Timor
Heston …
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Phonology
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Pronouns
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Heston (2015: 18-20, 28-29) gives Fataluku pronouns in six case forms as follows:
| base | subject | non-subject | possessor | possessed | citation | emphatic | |
| -a | -i | -i | -hVni | -ir | -itu | ||
| 1 sg. | a(n) | an-a | a | a-/an-/ah- | a-hani | an-ir | an-ir-it; an-t an-a |
| 2 sg. | a | a-ː | e [< *a-i] | e [< *a-i] | e-heni | e-ːr | e-ːr-itu a-ː |
| 3 sg. | tawa | tawa | tawa | tawa iː | tawa i-hini | tawa | tawa-tu |
| 1 pl. excl. | in | in-a | in-i | in-i | in-i-hini | in-ir | in-ir-itu in-a |
| 1 pl. incl. | af | af-a | af-i | af-i | af-i-hini | af-ir | af-ir-itu af-a |
| 2 pl. | i | i-a | i-ø | i-ø | i-ø-hini | i-r | i-r-itu i-a |
| 3 pl. | tawa-r | tawa-r | tawa-r | tawa-r iː | tawa-r i-hini | tawa-r | tawar-itu |
(Base forms and morphemic analysis ours.)
Heston (2015: 28-29) shows first person possessors to differ according to whether the following nominal begins with a vowel, and if so whether it is inalienably or alienably possessed. Heston's analysis gives the former as /a n-/ and the latter as /a h-/. These segments though not their analysis match Makasae-Makalero first person free form /*ani/ (historically an oblique based upon /*an/) and possessive /*asi/; as in Fatuluku, this is the only person which varies in the possessive. As Fataluku /j/ regularly reflect East Timor /*s/ and there is otherwise no trace of bound first or second person possessors in East Timor, we assume that these constructions continue East Timor /*an/ and /*as/ rather than a free form /a/ followed by a prefix.
Verbal morphology
[under construction]
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